Lord Cornwalis

Lord Cornwalis (1786-93)

 

1. Sanskrit College, Benaras, was founded by Jonathan Duncan in 1791.

2. New Police System was introduced through Regulation of 1791.

3. The Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793. The land revenue rates were initially fixed on the basis of the actual collections for 1790-91.The revenue was fixed for first 10 years, but was declared permanent in 1793. The system is also called Zamindari system because it was favourable for the Zamindars (land lords).

4. The district Faujdari Adalats presided over by India Judges abolished and in their place four circuit courts were established presided by European covenanted servants. The Sadr Nizamat Adalat was also replaced.

5. Cornwallis code, based on separation of powers, was introduced. The basic principle was the separation of revenue administration from the judicial administration. He is known as the Father of civil services in India. The Collector was divested of judicial and magisterial powers, he became only the head of revenue administration. The posts of district judges were created to look after judicial administration.

6. Third Anglo Mysore war, defeated Tipu Sultan and Treaty of Seringapatnam (1792).