MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY

MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY

A mobile phone or cellular phone or hand phone is a mobile electronic device used to make mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area, served by many public cells. At the sametime a cordless telephone is used only within the range of a single, private base station.

A mobile phone can make and receive telephone calls to and from the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line phones across the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator.

In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

Mobile phones are generally activated by a micro chip popularly called as SIM CARD(subscriber identity module).Other details encrypted in the sim card memory a unique serial number,PIN and PUK,information related to local network,PIN password etc.Those cell phone that do not have a sim card have all the data progammed into their memory.This type of cell phones are generally called as CDMA phones(code division multiple access).

The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973.In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available cell phone .The first mobile to mobile message was sent from finland in 1993. In the twenty years from 1990 to 2010, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 4.6 billion, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.

The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. The first "modern" network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja in 1991 in Finland on the GSM standard, which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms .In 2001, the first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. One of the newest 3G technologies to be implemented is High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family. The recently released 4th generation, also known as Beyond 3G, aims to provide broadband wireless access with nominal data rates of 100 Mbit/s to fast moving devices.

The common components found on all phones are:

§  A battery, typically rechargeable, providing the power source for the phone functions

§  An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a keypad, buttouch screens are also found in some high-end smartphones.

§  Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text messages.

§  All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-UIM.

§  Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.

Other features that may be found on mobile phones include GPS navigation, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, RDS radio receiver, alarms, memo recording, personal digital assistant functions, ability to watch streaming video, video download, video calling, built-in cameras (1.0+ Mpx) and camcorders (video recording), with autofocus and flash, ringtones, games, PTT, memory card reader (SD), USB (2.0), dual line support, infrared, Bluetooth (2.0) and WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, Internet e-mail andbrowsing and serving as a wireless modem. Nokia and the University of Cambridge demonstrated a bendable cell phone called the Morph. Some phones can makemobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes or through contactless payments if the phone and point of sale support Near Field Communication (NFC).  Some of the largest mobile phone manufacturers and network providers along with many retail merchants support, or plan to support, contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones.

^{SOCILA IMPLICATION OF MOBILE PHONE.}

^{1-Mobile phone is widely used as wireless equipment.}

^{2-IVR(ineractive voice response )system provides  us various services  like book railway reservation,knowing examination results,check voters list,post our comments etc.}

^{3-Helps Banking sector  to communicate with others(internet banking).}

^{4-Facilitate the freedom to pay bills and planning payments from any places.}

^{5-Ensure continuous contact between the people of various places.}

^{6-Can watch TV and video call,browse internet,aplly for various jobs,earn money,sent messages etc.}

^{7-Health issues of mobile phones are subjected to disputes.}

^{POINTS TO REMEMBER}

1-Broadband- A high speed internet connection such as cable ,satellite or digital subscriber line

2-e commerce-The process of conducting business online for purposes ranging from fund raising to advertising to selling products.

3-P D A.(personal digital assistance)-A small device that enable a user to carry digital information.

4-R SS –Really simple syndication

5-S M S-Technology that enables short text message(up to 160charactors)to be send over mobilr phone.

6-SIM-subscriber identity module

^{7-IMEI-international mobile equipment  identity.}

^{8-CDMA-code division multiple access,.}

^{9-COW-cell on wheels..}