FARMAN
Farman was a royal order bearing the seal of the emperor during the Mughal period of Indian history. Every piece of official document was not a farman. A farman was an order directly from the Emperor.
MUQADDAM
As per the Persian documents of the Medieval India, Muqaddam was a headman of a village. He was ,by profession, a peasant of the village which he headed. He could sell and buy land for the village and settle the common treasury of the village in that position. His position was hereditary, however, it could also be bought and sold. He was never a government servant but a person holding that position could be dispossessed of his status by the revenue official.
In south India (Dakhin), a similar position was enjoyed by a ‘Patel’.
In Braj documents, the same Muqaddam was translated as ‘Panch’ or ‘panch mukadam’.
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