EXPANSION OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA

EXPANSION OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA

1) First Carnatic War- 1745-48-Austrian War cause- Nawab ofCarnatic supported British but lost- Victory forFrench- difference between Dupleix andLa Bourdaunaris- Treaty of
Aix.La Chapple- Madras given back-Proved superiority of foreign army over Large local Army

2) Second Carnatic War-1749-54-Originally Dupleix,Chanda Sahib, and Nasir Jung joined and defeated Md Ali in the battle of AMBUR..later Marathas, Tanjore and British supported him and Capture ofArcot by Clive- French influence restricted toHyderabad.

THE BRITISH ADMINISTRATION UNDER EAST INDIA COMPANY (1757-1857)

BRITISH ADMINISTRATION UNDER EAST INDIA COMPANY (1757-1857)

*Until 1765, the East India Company was basically a trading concern.

* Lord Clive, during his second term as Governor, established Diarchy in Bengal and this system was continued for 7 years.`
* The College established by Lord Wellesley, at Fort Williams in 1800 which integrated training in history, customary laws and languages did not find the favour of the Court of Directors and it was continued only language training School till 1854.

18th CENTURY INDIA-A GLIMPSE

18^th CENTURY INDIA-A GLIMPSE

1.Political and other Conditions Generally it was fluid and past deteriorating. Disintegration of Mughal Empire, Growth of Marathas and Peshwas and rise of autonomous states and foreign invasions were the salient future. Women were treated badly and were victims of Saty, Child marriage, Infanticide, Purdha (both muslims and higher caste Hindus wore it) and Devadasi system in Orissa and Tamil Nadu.

RELEGIOUS AND SOCIAL REFORMS MOVEMENTS-ugc

RELEGIOUS AND SOCIAL REFORMS MOVEMENTS-ugc

1. 19th Century witnessed New vision – Also called renaissance. Impact of British Rule, Religious superstition, Boredom with religious movements social conditions, Caste factor raising of nationalism and democracy LED TO REFORMS.

2. Social base –Emergence of Middle Class and Western Educational intellectual – through renaissance, Re-formation and enlightenment

b) Ideological base – Nationalism, Religiosm , Universalism, Humanism and secularism. Authority in religion was given up and truth in religion was searched.

1857 REVOLT-ugc

1857 REVOLT-ugc

1. It was a land mark in Indian history.

2-It was termed as first war of Independence by Savarkar.

3-But ridiculed as Sepoy Mutiny by British as only a part of central India participated in it.

4-Any way it was starting point against British Rule. Had it succeeded, there would has been a different chapter in the History of India.

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS

MODERN INDIA NOTES

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS-ugc

Portuguese

1.Shakespeare termed India as a land of ‘great opportunities’.

2-Hegel called India as the ‘land of desires’.

3-Until 15th Century there were three trade routes only. First route to Caspian and Black Seas through Central Asia; Second to Mediterranean Sea through Syria. Third route to Egypt via Red Sea.

4-But in 1453 with the conquest of Constantinople by Turkish all the routes were closed.

Meaning of 'Upanishad'

Meaning of 'Upanishad'

          The term 'Upanishad' literally means, "sitting down near" or "sitting close to", and implies listening closely to the mystic doctrines of a guru or a spiritual teacher, who has cognized the fundamental truths of the universe. It points to a period in time when groups of pupils sat near the teacher and learnt from him the secret teachings in the quietude of forest 'ashrams' or hermitages.

THE CHALUKYA EMPIRE-ugc

THE CHALUKYA EMPIRE-ugc 

1-The Chalukya Empire was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. 2-During this period, they ruled as three related, but individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from their capital Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century.

THE INDIAN SOCIOLOGIST-ugc

THE INDIAN SOCIOLOGIST-ugc

     *1904, Krishna Varma had founded The Indian Sociologist(TIS) , a penny monthly (with Spencer's dictum as its motto), as a challenge to the British Committee's Indian.

INDIAN HOME RULE SOCIETY-ugc

INDIAN HOME RULE SOCIETY-ugc

        *India House was a large Victorian Mansion at 65 Cromwell Avenue, Highgate, North London, which provided accommodation for up to thirty students. It first housed an organisation called the Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS).This was founded in February 1905 by Shyamji Krishna Varma along with other notable  expatriate Indians such as Bhikaji Cama, S.R. Rana and Lala Lajpat Rai to serve as a rival organisation to the British Committee of Congress.

INDIA HOUSE-ugc

INDIA HOUSE-ugc

India House was an informal Indian nationalist organization based in London between 1905 and 1910. With the patronage of Shyamji Krishna Varma, its home in a student residence in Highgate, North London was launched to promote nationalist views among Indian students in Britain. The building soon became a hub for political activism and a meeting place for radical Indian nationalists. It ranked among the most prominent centres for revolutionary Indian nationalism outside India.

BANDE MATARAM-ugc

BANDE MATARAM-ugc

The Bande Mataram was a nationalist publication from Paris begun in September 1909 by the Paris Indian Society. Founded by Madam Bhikaji Cama the paper along with the later publication of Talvar was aimed at inciting nationalist unrest in India and sought to sway the loyalty of the Sepoy of the British Indian Army.

JUGANTAR-ugc

JUGANTAR-ugc

   *jugantar means New Era or more literally an Epoch in Transition. It was considered one of the leading terrorist groups in colonial Bengal whose ideology mainly concentrated in the revolutionary activities to free India from British yoke.

     *Jugantar was an inner circle within the Calcutta Anushilan Samiti. Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Datta were the praiseworthy members of Anushilan Samiti ;with the word of advice of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh,they  initiated in publishing a weekly, Jugantar (New Era) in April, 1906 edited by Bhupendranath Datta.

GANDHIJI’S VISITS TO KERALA-psc

GANDHIJI’S VISITS TO KERALA

1-FIRST VISIT OF MAHATMA GANDHI-AUGUST 18, 1920

Mahatma Gandhi for the first time visited Kerala on August 18, 1920. It was at 2.30 p.m. on August 18, 1920 that Mahatma Gandhi arrived at the Kozhikode railway station.

BIRTH OF INC

1885 - The beginning of an era
On December 28, 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai, with 72 delegates in attendance. British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume assumed office as the General Secretary and Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee of Kolkata was elected President.

Ali musliyar ?

ഇത് ആരാണെന്നരിയാമോ?.ചിലര്‍ പറയുന്നു ആലി മുസ്ല്യാര്‍ ആണെന്ന്.ശരിയാണോ ?

 

ഇത് ആരാണെന്നരിയാമോ?.ചിലര്‍ പറയുന്നു ആലി മുസ്ല്യാര്‍ ആണെന്ന്.ശരിയാണോ ? 

Muslim Socio-Religious Movements and Organizations-ugc

Muslim Socio-Religious Movements and Organizations-ugc

1-Movement/Organization

2-Year

3-Place

4-Founder

5-Objectives

1-Faraizi orFaraidi Movement

2-1804

3-Faridpur,Bengal

4-Haji Shariatullah and Dudhi Miyan

5-Emphasis on strict monotheism and to rid the

Muslim society of non-Islamic social customs,

rituals and practices.Anti-landlord & anti- British movement.

VASUDEV BALWANT PHADKE

VASUDEV BALWANT PHADKE

                             Vasudeov Balwant Phadke was an Indian revolutionary and is widely regarded as the father of the armed struggle for India's independence. Phadke was moved by the plight of the farmer community during British Raj.

ugc net result december 2010

National Eligibility Test December-2010 for Junior Research Fellowship and Eligibility for Lectureship

  Result can be accessed from the Following Link
  http://www.ugcnetonline.in/RESULT10D.pdf 

FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1931)

FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1931)

First ever conference arranged between the British & Indians as equals

1-Congress and most business leaders kept away.

2-Muslim League— represented by Mohammed Ali, Agha Khan. Fazlul Haq and Jinnah.

3-Hindu Mahasabha— represented by Moonje and Jayakar.

The Communal Award [1932]

The Communal Award [1932]

When the Indian leadership failed to come up with a constitutional solution of the communal issue, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced his own formula for solving the problem.

NEHRU REPORT

NEHRU REPORT

1-To measure up to the challenge of the British the Report was tabled in 1928.

2- It remains memorable as the first major Indian effort to draft a constitutional framework for India complete with lists of central and provincial subjects and fundamental rights.

2-It demanded responsible government both in the center and in the provinces. But it advocated Dominion Status and not complete independence.

FAMOUS CONSPIRACY CASES-ugc

FAMOUS CONSPIRACY CASES-ugc

1-Muzzafarpur Conspiracy— Attempt on Kingsford, Judge of Muzaffarpur by Prafful Chaki & Khudi Ram Bose in 1908

2-Alipore Conspiracy Case— Aurobindo Ghosh arrested

3-Delhi Conspiracy Case (1911)— Sanchin Sanyal and Rash Behari Bose were accused of attempting to assassinate

Lord Hardinge

ANTI-ROWLATT SATYAGRAH

ANTI-ROWLATT  SATYAGRAH

1-The 1919 sedition Committee headed by Justice Rowlatt, led to the Rowlatt Act (18 March 1919) whereby war time

restrictions of civil rights were to he made permanent by

a) System of special courts

b) Detention without trial for 2 years maximum

c) Greater police powers.

2-This Act authorized the Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction of the court of law.

Guruvayur Sathyagraha-psc

Guruvayur Sathyagraha-psc

1-Aim was to enable all sections of Hindus to enter temples.

2-Sathyagraha was started on 1. November 1931.

3-September 25 was earlier observed as Temple Entry Day in Malabar.

4-K. Kelappan & A.K. Gopalan were famous leaders.

YACHANA YATHRA AND PATTINI JATHA

YACHANA YATHRA AND PATTINI JATHA

1-Yachana Yathra was led by V.T. Bhattathirippadu in 1931 from Trichur to Chandragiri river which lasted for seven days.

2-Aim of this begging march was to enable the poor children to get educated.

Vaikkom Sathyagraha-psc

Vaikkom Sathyagraha-psc

1-The Vaikkom Sathyagraha was started on 30 March 1924.

2-It was against untouchability and for the right to use the road before the Vaikkom temple by untouchables.

3-T.K. Madhavan, K.P. Keshavamenon etc were the major leaders.