Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai (1878-1916)

Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai (1878-1916)

1-He was born at Neyyattinkara in Thirruvananthapuram.

2-He was the editor of ‘Malayali’ published from Kollam.

3-In 1906 he became the editor of Swadeshabhimani.

4-He was deported from Kerala for criticising the government in 1910.

CHATTAMPI SWAMIKAL (1853 - 1924)-psc

CHATTAMPI SWAMIKAL (1853 - 1924)-psc

1-He was a Nair reformist.

2-He was born in Kannammoola in Thiruvananthapuram district.

3-His real name was Kunjan Pillai.

4-Pracheena Malayalam, ‘‘Vedaddikara Nirupanam’ ‘‘Advaita Chinta Paddhathi’’ ‘Vedanta Saram’’ etc are his famous works.

Ayyankali (1863-1941)-psc

Ayyankali (1863-1941)-psc

1-Ayyankali was born in 1863 at Venganore in Trivandrum district.

2-In 1905 he founded the Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham, which later became Pulaya Mahasabha.

3-He was nominated to the Sreemoolam Prajasabha in 1910 and remained in office for 25 years.

5-He died at the Age of 77 on 18 June 1941.

Sree Narayana Guru-psc

Sree Narayana Guru-psc

1-Sree Narayana Guru was born at Chempazhanthy in Trivandrum district on 20 August 1854 (Vayalvarathu Veedu)

2-He is known as the Father of Kerala Renaissance.

3-The parents of Sree Narayana Guru were Madanasan and Kuttiyamma.

4-He met Chattampi Swamikal at the Aniyur temple near Chempazhanthy.

5-His famous Aruvippuram Consecration (Siva) was in the year 1888

Decline of the Gupta Empire-ugc

Decline of the Gupta Empire-ugc

1-By the second half of the fifth 5^th c A.D.. the Gupta Empire got considerably weakened.

2-The Huns attacked from the north and occupied not only Punjab and Rajasthan, but eastern Malwa and a good portion of central India. 3.Inscriptions of Huns have been found in central India.

4-Internally, the Governors appointed by the Gupta kings tended to become

independent.

Developments in Technology in the Mauryan Empire-ugc

Developments in Technology in the Mauryan Empire-ugc

1-We get a great deal of information about the technical developments in the Maurya period from the treatise, Arthasastra.

2- In Arthasastra. there are detailed descriptions of military machines which use the principle of centrifugal forces.

3-However. the ideas to power these

machines with inanimate sources such as wind, water. steam or electricity, did not exist then.

4-There was considerable development in civil engineering.

Sahodaran Ayyapan(1890-1968)

Sahodaran Ayyapan(1890-1968)

1-He gave the revolutionary message - ‘‘No Caste, No Religion, No God for Man’’

2-He was born in Cherayi near Cochin.

3-He founded the Vidhya Poshini Sabha.

4-In 1917 he started the a movement for interdining and founded the ‘‘Sahodara sangham’’.

5-‘’Sahodaran’’ was a paper started by Sahodaran Ayyappan.

Malabar Rebellion-psc

Malabar Rebellion-psc

1-The Malabar Rebellion was in 1921

2-The attempted arrest of Vadakkeveetil

Muhammed,the Secretary of the Khilafat Committee at Pukottur in Eranadu Taluk, led to a series of violent clashes between the police & theMappilas in the Eranadu and Valluvanadu Taluks.

Zamorin in Calicut-psc

Zamorin in Calicut-psc

1-The zamorins ruled Malabar for about 750yrs.

2-Earlier they were known as ‘earadis’.

3-According to historians, the period of

zamorins started in the year 346 AD.

4- The Potughese sailor, Vasco-da-gama came to Calicut during the period of Manavikraman Samoothiri.

5-The first mention about the Zamorins is

in the descriptions of Ibn Batuta.

RELEGIOUS AND SOCIAL REFORMS MOVEMENTS-ugc

1. 19^th Century witnessed  New vision – Also called renaissance.  Impact of British Rule, Religious superstition, Boredom with religious movements social conditions, Caste factor  raising of nationalism and democracy led to REFORMS.  

2. Social base –Emergence of Middle Class and Western Educational intellectual – through renaissance, Re-formation and enlightenment

b) Ideological base – Nationalism, Religiosm , Universalism, Humanism and secularism.   Authority in religion was given up and truth in religion was searched.   Universal theism of Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Social Reform movements played important role.  Movements like Brahma Samaj, Pradhana Samaj,  Aligarh  movements which were reformed and Arya Samaj,  Deoband which were revivalist played important role

National Eligibility Test December-2010

National Eligibility Test December-2010
Result of UGC - NET, December, 2010 is likely to be declared in the second week of June, 2011.  

EMERGENCE OF NEW SOCIAL CLASSES IN BRITISH INDIA

EMERGENCE OF NEW SOCIAL CLASSES IN BRITISH INDIA-ugc

Q.2-“The emergence of new social classes in British India was the direct consequence of the establishment of new social economy, new state system, administrative machinery and Western education.” Discuss. ?

When British entered India, it was not a unitary state. There were presences of many Princely states. Some states were prosperous and some were not. Indian over all social, economic condition had not developed.

Bengal Partition

Q.1-Bengal was partitioned in 1905 not for the administrative reasons but for political purposes. Elucidate. ?

Letter and spirit of bengal partition had divergent connotations. Going by the letter of the issue of partition, bengal was partitioned by lord curzon to have greater administrative efficiency for the government. But going by the spirit of this move, bengal was partitioned to break the hindu- muslim solidarity there in.

IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INC

IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INC

Year   Presidents  Venue

I. 1885 -W.C. Bonnerjee -Bombay

2.1886- Dadabhai Naroji -Calcutta

3.1887 -Badruddin Tyabji -Madras

4.1888 -George Yule -Allahabad

5.1889 -Sir William Wedderburn -Bombay

6. 1890 -Pherozshah Mehta -Calcutta

Moderate-led Anti-Partition Movement (1903-05)-ugc

Moderate-led Anti-Partition Movement (1903-05)-ugc

1-Under Surendranath Banerjee, K.K.Mitra. Prithwish Chandra Kay.

Methods

1-Public meeting, petitions, memoranda, propaganda through newspapers and pamphlets.

Movement under Extremists (1905-08)

1-Led by Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal. Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh.

Swadeshi Movement-psc

Swadeshi Movement-psc

1-It began as a anti-partition agitation in Bengal and boycott was first suggested by Krishnakumar Mitra in Sanjivni

in 1905.

2-The boycott of British products was followed by the advocacy of swadeshi and to buy indigenously produced goods as a patriotic duty.

Stages of Swadeshi Movement

1-1905-1909— Movement confined lo Bengal & launched as a protest movement

2-1909-1910—Countrywide spread of movement & launching of anti colonial movement.

Revolt of Velu Thampi & Paliath Achan

Revolt of Velu Thampi & Paliath Achan

1-VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore

2-Velu Thampi was appointed as Mulakumadiseela Karyakkar (Commercial minister in 1799 by

Balaramavarma)

3-In 1800 he became the Dalawa.

4-Velu Thampi introduced travelling courts in Travancore.

Some majore Events In the Kerala History.

Some majore Events In the Kerala History.psc

1-Attingal Rebellion .......1721

2-Kulachal Battle ....... 1741

3-Kundara Proclamation .1809

4-Kurichyar Rebellion ....1812

5-Channar Lahala ...... 1859

6-Malayali Memorial (Travancore) .1891

Challenge to British Supremacy in Kerala( Pazhassi Raja )-psc

Challenge to British Supremacy in Kerala( Pazhassi Raja )-psc

1-The more serious of the revolts against the British in Malabar were organised by Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam Royal Family.

2-Pazhassi’s first revolt was in 1793 - 1797, second revolt was in 1800-1805.

3-Cause of the first Pazhassi revolt was the revenue policy of the British.

4-The immediate cause of the second revolt was the British move to take possession of Wayanadu which had been ceded to them by the Mysore ruler under the Partition Treaty following the fall of Srirangapattanam in 1799.

World famous Speech by SWAMI VIVEKANAND at America’

Chicago, September 11, 1893

“World famous Speech by SWAMI VIVEKANAND at America’.

     “Sisters and Brothers of America,

It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in the name of the mother of religions,andI thank you in the name of millions and millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF CONGRESS

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF CONGRESS

1-Promotion of friendship amongst the countrymen.

2-Development and consolidation of feeling of national unity irre- spective of race, caste, religion or provinces

3-Formulation of popular demands and presentation before the Gov-ernment through petitions.

4-Training and organization of pub-lic opinion.

5-Consolidation of sentiments of national unity.

Political Associations Before 1885

Political Associations Before 1885

1-Association of Landholders: Landholders Society (1837), Bengal British India Society (1843).

2-In 1851, the two were merged to form the British Indian Association.

3-Bombay Association and Madras Native Association Were established in 1852. They sent petitions suggesting changes in EIC’s charter to end company’s monopoly of salt and indigo.

4-Associations like Poona Sarvjanik Sabha were established to promote reform and political consciousness.

5-1876— Indian Association was founded in Calcutta by Surendranath Banerjee, & Anand mohan Bose Madras.

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902)

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902)

1-His original name was Narendranath Dutta and was burn at Calcutta in 1863. 2-He was a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa.

3-He attended the Parliament of Religions held at Chicago in 1893 and published two papers— Prabhudha Bharata in English and Udbodhana in Bengali.

Ram Krishna Paramhansa (1836-1886)

Ram Krishna Paramhansa  (1836-1886)

1-His original name was Gadoidhar Chattopadhyay. 

2-He was born in 1836 in Kamarpukar village in Hooghly district of VVest Bengal.

3-He was a priest in Dakshineshwar temple of Goddess Kali near Calcutta.

4-He sought religious salvation in traditional ways of renunciation, meditation & devotion.

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The Growth of British Power in Kerala

The Growth of British Power in Kerala

1- First Englishman who came to Kerala was perhaps Master Ralph Fitch.

2-He is known as ‘‘Pioneer Englishman’’(1583)

3-The 1616 Captain Keeling arrived in Calicut with three ships which brought Sir Thomas Roe on his embassy to the court of Jahangir.

4-British merchants exported pepper to England for the first time from Cochin in 1626.

5-First English factory in Kerala was set up at Vizhinjam.

The Dutch in Kerala-psc

The Dutch in Kerala-psc

1-The Dutch were the first Protestant nation in Europe to establish trade contacts with Kerala.

2-The Dutch East India company was formed in 1602.

3-Dutch Admiral Steven Van Der Hagen was the first Dutch Admiral to reach Kerala (Calicut)

4-The Dutch set up factories at Masulipatanam, Pulicat, Surat, Bimily patam, Balasore, Nagapattam, Cochin etc.

5-They first of all entered into an alliance with the Zamorin of Calicut.

6-By the Treaty of Venad (1662), they established their monopoly of pepper trade.

swami Dayananda-ugc

swami Dayananda-ugc

1-Swami Dayanand Saraswati (or Mula shankar) was born in 1824 in Gujarat. He received education from Swami Virajonanda at Math lira .

2-Formally organised the first Arya Samaj unit at Bombay in 1875

3-He was known as the earliest Neo-nationalist.

4-His ideal was to unite India religiously, socially and nationally, lie looked on the Vedas as India’s “Rock of Ages,” the

true original seed of Hinduism. His motto was “Go back to Vedas”.

AryaSamaj-ugc

AryaSamaj-ugc

1-The first  Arya Samaj unit was organised in Bombay in 1875, by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

2-It stood for the Four-fold varna system determined by merit and not by birth.

3-Stood for equal rights for both men and women in social and educational matters.

4-Opposed untouchabiliry, caste discrimination, child marriage, and supported widow remarriage and inter

caste marriages.

5-Their head quarter was later shifted to Lahore.

Brahmo Samaj & Rammohan Roy (1771-1833)-ugc

Brahmo Samaj &

Rammohan Roy (1771-1833)-ugc

1-He was horn at Radhanagar in Bengal in 1772.

2-He is regarded as the first great leader of modern India.

3- He opposed idol worship and pressed on Doctrine of the Unity of God.

4- He believed that basically all religions preach a common message.

 5-He was deeply influenced by monotheism, anti-idolatry of Islam, Sufism, and ethical teachings of Christianity & liberal & rationalist doctrines of thewest.