HISTOBLOG

FACTS AND FIGURES TO REMEMBER
1. The Passing of the Government of India Act 1935:
The contents of Government of India Act 1935 was result of Round Table Conferences. It laid the foundation of democracy in India.
2. The Provision of the Government of India Act 1935:
Federalism and Provincial autonomy were the core of the various provision of the Government of India Act 1935. The powers between Federation and Provinces were categorised in three lists. The Princely States were allowed to remain out of its provisions.
3. Provincial Elections and the Congress Ministry:
Congress declined it but participated in elections under the Act to spread the awareness about its national programmes. The Congress formed governments in nine provinces. The Congress governments achieved success in the field of village industries, making of newspapers independent, introduced civil reforms etc. The Congress ministries resigned when the British announced the participation of India in the World War II.
4. The Faizpur Session of the Indian National Congress:
It was the first Congress Session to be held in rural area and held in December 1936. It adopted the welfare programmes for the peasant
5. The Second World War and the Indian National Congress:
The Congress declared that it was against Nazism and Fascism. However, it refused to participate in war efforts of Britain because Britain had not granted freedom to India. it asked the government to end the colonialism. In Ramgarh Session of 1940, Congress demanded the freedom of all the British colonies.
In its effort to protest against the attitude of Britain during the World War, Congress adopted the programme of Individual Satyagraha and Vinoba Bhave was the first Satyagrahi.
6. Cripps Mission: Under the pressure from President Roosevelt of America, Britain sent Cripps mission to enlist the support of Indians for the war efforts.
Cripps Mission offered dominion status for the Indian provinces and right of self-determination to the Princely states.
Congress and Muslim League rejected the Cripps Mission proposals and Gandhi ji called it a post dated cheque.
7. Quit India Movement: In its July 14, 1942, Congress Working Committee resolved to end the British rule in India.
On August 7, 1942, at Gowalia Tank in Mumbai, Gandhji decided to launch a non-violent struggle to implement the July resolution.
On August 8, 1942, he gave the slogan of Do and Die for complete Independence and Quit India Movement was thus launched.
British government responded with oppression of Indians with all possible means.
Indian public adopted various means of protest like establishing parallel governments, burning British government symbols like railways, police stations etc.
Congress and socialist leaders adopted the means of underground activities like operating secret radio, distribution of propaganda material etc.
People of Maharashtra participated in this movement in large numbers from all the areas.
8. Netaji Subash Chandra Bose: Subash Chandra Bose established Forward Block after disassociating from Congress in 1939. He gave the plan of revolutionary movement against the British administration in place of non-violent movement.
Subashji first went to Germany and then reached Japan. In Japan with Rasbihari Bose, he established Azad Hind Government in Singapore. Then he established Indian National Army. He gave the slogans of Jai Hind and Chalo Delhi.
INA was able to conquer Andaman and Nicobar and called them Shahid and Swaraj. His army also entered Kohima and Assam. Netaji died in a plane crash on August 18, 1945.
9. The INA Trial: The British government tried INA officer, Shahnawaz, Dhillon and Sehgal for sedition. Nehru, Desai and Sapru fought their case. Under the Indian public pressure, INA officers were acquitted.
10. The Naval Mutiny and the Royal Air Force Mutiny:
The British Indian revolted on the warships Talwar and Hindustan in 1946. B. C. Dutta was first to start this revolt by writing pro India slogans. However, the rebels returned to their barracks only on the suggestion of Indian leader Sardar Patel. It gave message to the British government that their army was not with them.