OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERES

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERES

51) Who of the following advised the British East India Company to seek from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam, a ‘sanad for the Diwani of Bengal ?
a) Manik Chand
b) Omi Chand
c) Raja Daulat Ram
d) Maharaja Raj ballabh

Ans: Ans: Maharaja Raj Ballabh: d

 Maharaja Raj Ballabh Sen, the Dewan (Diwan of Dhakka) of Serajuddaula, who conspired to overthrow the nawab with the help of Robert Clive and bring in the English in 1757. Raja Raj Ballahb Sen was a Vaidya, a community which dominated the intellectual and political scence in pre-colonial and colonial India in Bengal. Even people like Amitya Sen, the Noble Leuterate and Sushmita Sen, the Miss Universe and actress of Mumbai Film industry belong to Vaidya community of Bengal.
Maharaja Raj Ballabh was an accomplice of Mir Jaffer and Ghaseti Begum. Krishan Ballabh, son of Maharaja Raj Ballabh had misappropriated a huge sum of the government and took shelter with the English. It was one of the cause of the attack of Sirrajudullah on Calcutta. Maharaja Raj Ballabh was finally got killed by Nawab Mir Qasim. He was also known as the founder of Rajnagar. 

Omi Chand or Amin Chand was a Sikh who grew rich in Bengal and highly respectable merchant of Calcutta which was then an emerging habitation. He was shown to have participated with Clive and Jagath Seth to cheat Captain Watson. He revealed to Clive that there was no much cash in the account books of the Nawab of Bengal but there was enough gold with the ladies of the families.

Raja Manik Chand was approached by Robert Clive to act mediator between him and Sirajuddullah. Even Jagath Seth was approached for the similar role. Robert Clive had sought their mediation after he had attacked Hugli. 

52) With reference to First Carnatic war, consider the following statements:
1)It began in 1746 and ended in 1748.
2) Anwar –ud-din, the nawab of the Carnatic intervened in the war on behalf of the English.
3) Chanda Saheb was captured and executed.
4) Madras was restored to the English by the French after the war.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2,3 and 4
c) 1,2 and 4
d) 1,3 and 4

Ans: 1, 2 and 4.
The First Carnatic War began in 1746 and ended in 1748.


A brief summary of the three Carnatic Wars are as follows:
First Carnatic War was fought between 1746 and 1748. The cause of the war was the fight between France and Britain on the Austrian Succession in Europe. The Trading Companies also indulged in fight between them in India. It ended in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.

The Second Carnatic War was fought between 1749 and 1754. It started when the European companies, French and British, indulged in internal politics of Nizam of Hyderabad and Carnatic. It ended in Treaty of Pondicherry in 1754.

The Third Carnatic War was fought between 1757-1763. It started with Seven Years War in Europe. It ended with Treaty of Paris in 1763. During this war, French governor, Count de Lally was defeated by British Commander Sir Eyre Coote in Battle of Wandiwash (A question which had been asked numerous times in Prelims). It is considered to have ended the French dominance in India and left British company to have a free play in India. 

53) Which one of the following was the primary cause of the Fourth Anglo Mysore War?
a) Tipu’s attack on the English territory in Madras
b) The attack of the English on Mysore to finally destroy Tipu’s power
c) Tipu’s attack on Hyderabad, an ally of the British
d) The alliance between the Nizam and the English against Tipu

Ans: The attack of the English on Mysore to finally destroy Tipu's power. : b
As suggested above, Three topics namely Anglo-French War(1746-1763), Anglo-Mysore Wars(1766-99) and Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775-1818) must prepared both for prelims and Mains short answer. Now a brief summary of Anglo-Mysore War.

First Anglo-Mysore War (1766-69): Haider Ali inflicted crushing defeat on the combination of Marathas, Nizam of Hyderabad and British Company.

Second Anglo-Mysore War(1780-84): Tipu obtained territories in the south under the command of Haider Ali.During this war, Tipu emerged as the next power in teh region. However, the war ended in the Treaty of Mangalore 1784. The important thing during the war was that the army of Mysore was able to defeat the army of British Trading Company.
The Third Anglo-Mysore War started with the invasion of Travancore, an ally of British Trading Company by the forces of Tipu Sultan. The forces of Tipu Sultan was defeated. The British Trading Compnay forces laid a seige on Seringapatam. The war ended in the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792. By the treaty, Tipu lost nearly half of his territory.

The Fourth Anglo Maratha War: In the battle of Seringapatam 1799, Mysore was defeated and Tipu was killed. 

54) List I                  List –II
(Name of the fort) (Its location )
A. Fort St. David      1. Pondicherry
B. Fort William        2. Cuddalore
C. Fort St. George   3. Bengal
D. Fort Louis          4. Madras
5. Bombay
a) A-5 B-3 C-1 D-4
b) A-5 B-2 C-4 D-1
c) A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
d) A-2 B-3 C-1 D-4
Ans:
Fort St. David: Cuddalore: A-2
Fort William:Bengal: B-3
Fort St. George: Madras: C-4
Fort Louis:Pondicherry: D-1
Ans: Fort St. David: The forst was built by a Hindu trader on the river Gadilam near Cuddalore. Shivaji occupied it in 1677 when he invested the Fort of Gingee. The English Trading company bought it from the Marathas in 1690. In 1690, Elihu Yale was the Governor of Madras. He was from Wales. St. David was patron saint of Wales. The English Trading company named the fort as Fort St. David as per the desire of Elihu Yale, the then governor of Madras. In 1746, Fort St. David became the headquaters of British factories in South India. The French company had captured in 1758 and then again in 1782. However, in 1785, the British regained it. It is said that Robert Clive married in the church of Fort St. David.

Cuddalore is situated to the south Pondicherry as a coastal town in present district of Cuddalore of Tamil Nadu. It is an ancient town mentioned in Puranas. It has been a sea port having trading contacts with Roman empire which substantiated by archeological evidences. It was occupied by Dutch during modern period. The Dutch were replaced by Portuguese. Portuguese were removed by French people and finally it was taken over by British trading company.

Fort William: Fort William is in Kolkatta. It was named after the King William III of England. It is situated on the river Hooghly. It remained the headquaters British Trading Company and rise of the British Trading company as the political power in India.
Fort St. George: Fort St. George was the first British fort in India. It was founded in 1639 at Madras (Chennai – Channapattam). The land for the area was bought from a nayak of Vijyanagar empire by Francis Day who was deputed by the company to find a settlement on the east coast. It was named after the patron Saint of England, Saint George whose day falls on on April 23. It was constructed mainly to direct trade to Malacca strait. It was decamped by the French forces during the First Anglo-French War but restored to the British Trading company through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. A settlement George Town developed around it. It is considered be the starting of the urbanization of Madras.

Fort Louis: Pondicherry was a gift of Sher Khan Lodhi of Bijapur Kingdom to the French trading company. Francoise Martin had built a fort there in 1701 which was completed in 1706 and named Fort Louis. It was destroyed by the English in 1769 and was not fully rebuilt after that. 

55) Which one of the following news papers was launched by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya in 1909?
a) Free India
b) Nav Bharat
c) Independent
d) Leader

Ans: Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya launched the news paper Leader in 1909.
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (Mahamana) founded 'The Leader”, an English daily at Allahabad. It became quite popular under its editor C. Y. Chintamani. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya himself had edited 'Hindustan' and Indian Opinion. He also published a weekly titled 'Abhudaya'. He also headed 'The Hindustan Times'.

56) Who of the following started one of the earliest centres of revolutionary activity outside India In England known as Indian Home Rule Society?
a) Bhikaji Cama
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Rashbihari Bose
d) Shyamji Krishna Varma

Ans: Shyamji Krishna Varma: d. 
All the above four, viz. Bhikaji Cama, Dababhai Naoroji, Rashbihari Bose and Shyamji Krishna Varma had worked for India from outside India. Except for Dababhai Naoroji, the rest of the three had participated in the revolutionary activities.
Shyamji Krishna Varma is known for founding Indian Home Rule Society, Indian House and Indian Sociologist. He was a great follower of Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS) was founded on February 18, 1905. It aimed at working for self-rule in British India. He was supported by Bikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji and S. R. Rana.

Bhikaji Rustom Cama was daughter of Sorabji Framji Patel and Jaijibai Sorabji Patel. Bhikaji Cama finally located hereself in Paris where she started Paris Indian Society. She founded two weeklies, namely Vande Mataram and Talwar. She had participated in framing the design of a national flag. The flag was raised by her on August 22, 1907 at International Socialist Conference at Stuttgart. It was named as Flag of Indian Independence. Later, the same flag was adopted by the Berlin Committee.

Rash Bihari Bose had founded Indian Independence League in Japan and finally Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) which was finally headed by Subash Chander Bose. It was his efforts along with General Mohan Singh that the soldiers of Indian National Army were recruited in Japan.

  Dadabhai Naoroji had written the most important economic critic of British administration titled “Poverty and UnBritish rule in India”. He was associated with East India Association, Indian Home Rule Movement and Indian National Congress. He was also associated with founding of Indian National Association of Surendranath Banerjee.