HISTOBLOG: Saptanga Theory in Arthashastra-ugc history

Tuesday, May 3, 2011

Saptanga Theory in Arthashastra-ugc history

Saptanga Theory had been formulated by Kautilya and mentioned in hi book, Arthashastra.Saptanga Theory which has been mentioned in Arthashastra includes all the seven organs of the state which has been separately elaborated among the various volumes of Arthashastra. It explains the role of the king who has been treated as the life of the state and who shall be the defender of Dharma, who is supposed to be Dharmic, enthusiastic, powerful, aggressive, decisive, fearless and free from self indulgence. Along with this, the other organs include the Amatya or the ministers who shall occupy the next position in the hierarchy just after the king who shall be the top most public official responsible for carrying out the public relations and representing the kingdom in the absence of the king. The third element of the state is the Janapad which comprises of the territory and the people, the mountains, rivers, forests etc which are included in the territory of the kingdom. Forts form the fourth element of the state which defines the construction of the forts and their security which has been elaborated in the Construction of Forts in Book II of Arthashastra. Treasury formed the fifth element of the state which is supposed to be enriched with all the sources of taxes and collection of revenue to be deposited in state treasury. This also includes the Army which is responsible for securing the boundaries of the kingdom; this brings us closer to the friend who shall be the biggest ally of the conqueror in confronting the enemy. Arthashastra lays down a number of features for selecting an ideal friend who shall have royal birth and will be available at times of crisis. Alongwith this Shastra also includes a list of Council of Ministers who shall assist the Amatya or the prime minister.

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JOBS 4 HISTORY STUDENTS

Career options for students who have finished their graduation in history are quite high.Students can appear for the UPSC or the state wide PSC tests.Almost 40 % of I.A.S examination questions are taken from history.Those who like the teaching profession can get the B.Ed (after BA) or M.Ed (after MA) degree and apply for teacher or Assistant Professor positions. Many other job options are available for B A history Student. A few include:Archivists,Information Managers, Librarians, Public Relations officer,Records Managers, Teaching,Law, Research, Diplomacy,Public service,Journalism, Ministry,Insurance, Politics,Publishing,Archaeologist,Archivist,Historical researcher, Museum work,Secondary school teacher,Tour guide,University lecturer etc.

"Gandhi as the ascetic defender of property,the mascot of the bourgoisie and in actual achievement -statistics as the Jonah of Revolution"..By R P Dutt.... “I became the stage for the great argument between Nietzsche and Rousseau. I was the extra ready to take on all the roles”.by Jacques Derrida."History is the witness of the times, the torch of the truth, the life of memory, the teacher of life, the messenger of antiquity."- By Cicero, Roman Oratore "All the ancient histories, as one of our wits say, are just fables that have been agreed upon" By Voltaire.“D D Kosambi and R S Sharma,together with Daniel Thorner,brought peasants into the study of indian history for the first time”.Comment of Irfan Habib."I only accept awards from academic institutions or those associated with my professional work,and not state awards".[Romila Thapar on her refusal to accept padma bhshan in 1992.......]"If HUME and other English liberals hoped to use Congress as a SAFETY VALVE ,the Congress leaders hoped to use HUME as a lightening conductor".[Words of BIPIN CHANDRA...]

HISTORICAL FACTS.

1-Facts are importand for the constuction of history.2-Anything which gives us some idea about the past or present or future can be termed as fact.3-it is also called sources.4-sources are two kinds PRIMARY AND SECONDARY.5-Primary or Direct sources are anything which gives us information directly.6-Secondary sources or Indirect sources provides information indirectly.7-TERTIARY sources are used to describe a work which is a compilation of primary and secondary sources.It focused on the identification of scholarly work than on content. For example :bibliography,library catalog,directories etc.8-That is why RANKE said”NO SOURCES,NO HISTORY”.9-To Ranke “all kinds of sources should be subjected to criticism.10-HEURISTICS means searching of facts or sources.11-HERMENEUTICS aims to find out the authenticity or veracity of the sources.12-DEDUCTIVE METHOD is a type of reasoning from general to particular.13-INDUCTIVE METHOD is a reasoning from particular to general.

HISTORIAN OF THIS MONTH

K.P.PADMANABHA MENON Born in October 1857. Father: Diwan Peshkar Sankunny Menon. Mother: Parvathy Amma. K.P. Padmanabha Menon was the son of Diwan Peshkar Sankunni Menon who for the first time attempted to write the history of Travancore. Through his work Kerala Charithram (History of Kerala), Padmanabha Menon surpassed the talents of his father. Padmanabha Menon was an eminent Advocate, Judge and Historian. He also wrote Kochi Rajya Charithram (History of Cochin). He was also the Advocate General of Madras Government and member of Marumakkathayam Committee. He died on 1 May 1919.

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Tuesday, May 3, 2011

Saptanga Theory in Arthashastra-ugc history

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