Development of modern Education-ugc

Development of modern  Education-ugc

1-Warren Hastings set up the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 for the study of Arabic and Persian.

2-The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones iii Calcutta in 1784.

3-Jonathan Duncan, the resident at Benares started the Sanskrit College in 1791.

4-Lord Welleslley started the Fort William College m 1800 for the training of Civil Servants, which the court of

Directors closed in 1802.

5-William Carey, a Baptist missionary, set up schools and published Bengali translations of the Bible, thereby laying the foundations of English Education and Bengali prose literature.

6-The Charter Act of 1813, was the first to provide an annual expenditure of one lakh rupees “for the revival and promotion of literature.”

7-David Hare and Raja Rammohan Roy were instrumental in selling up the Calcutta Hindu College in 1817. Which later developed into the Presidency College.

Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy

and Macualay’s Minutes

1-The Orientalists led by HT Princep who favoured encouragement of Oriental literature and

2-The Anglicist who favoured the advancement of Western Science and literature. Macualay, a member of the Executive Council wrote his Minute on Educational Policy (2. February 1833) which favoured the Anglicist viewpoint. The Macualayan system was based as the idea that limited means negated mass education, hence a minority would be educated in English, who would act as ‘class of interpreters’, thereby enriching the vernaculars such that the knowledge

nf Western Sciences and literature would reach the masses.

Lord William Bentick, in the Resolution of 7 March 1835, accepted Macualays viewpoint which led to the

promotion of European science and literature.

Sir Charles Wood Despatch (1854)

1-The President of the Board of Control, his scheme became the Magna Carta of English education in India. The

universities of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay were set up in 1857. It was Bethune’s contribution, which helped a setting up of a number of girls schools.

The Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)

1-Its main recommendations were basically for secondary education. Secondary Education should be in two sectors—literary Education leading to the university entrance examination and commercial and vocational training.

The Raleigh Commission (1902)

1-The only Indian member of the commission Gurudas Banerji appointed by Lord Curzon, strongly disagreed with

its recommendations, which were adopted in the Indian Universities Act ^i 1904.

The Indian Universities Act (1904)

1-It was enacted to ensure greater government controls over the Universities

2-It transferred the power of ultimate decision in matters of college affiliation and schools recognition to government officials and sought to fix minimum colleges fees.

Sadler Commission (1917-19)

1-The two Indian members were Sir Ashutosh Mukherji and Dr Ziauddin Ahmed. It was mainly for higher education.

2-It recommended a twelve year course of Matriculation, then intermediate followed by University

3-University course was limited to three years and divided into Pass Course and Honours

4-Each University should be a Centralized system.

5-A Board of women’s education was also suggessted.

Wardha Scheme

1-Wardha scheme of Basic Education (1937), worked out by the Zakir Hussain Committee alter Mahatma Gandhi published a series of articles in the Harijan. It centred around “manual productive work’ which would cover the remuneration of teachers. There was to be a seven year course through the mother tongue of the students. It was to be centred around crafts.

Sargeant Plan of Education (1944)

It envisaged

1-The establishment elementary schools and high schools

2-Universal and compulsory education for all children between the age of six and eleven

3-A school course of six years was to be provided for children between age eleven and seventeen.

4-High schools were to be of two types

(a) academic and

(d) technical and vocational.