SHIVAJI'S ASHTAPRADHAN-ugc

SHIVAJI'S ASHTAPRADHAN-ugc

They included:

1- Peshwa—Also called “Mukhya Pradhan” Finance and general administration; later he became Prime Minister and assumed great importance.

2-Sar-i-Naubat—Senapati or military commander: this was only an honorary post with no real military powers.

3- Majumdar or Ainatya—Accountant general during the rule of the Peshwas; he later became revenue and

finance minister.

4-Waqenavis— Intelligence, posts and household affairs.

5-Surunavis or Sachiv—Also called chitnis, looked after correspondence.

6-Dabir or Suriiania— Master of ceremonies.

7-Nyayadhish— Justice.

8-Pandit Rao— Charities and religious affairs.

Shivaji (1627-80)-ugc

Shivaji (1627-80)-ugc

1-Born at Shivneri to Shahji Bhonsle and Jija Bai. he inherited the Jagir o( Poona from his lather ill 1637.

 2-After the death of his guardian, Dadaji Kondadev, in 1647, he assumed full charge of his jagir.

3- Before that, at the age of 18,he conquered Torna,built forts at Raigarh & Pratapgarh (1645-47).

4-Afzal Khan was deputed by the Adil Shah ruler to punish Shivaji, but the later murdered Afzal in 1659.

The Ayagar system-ugc

The Ayagar system-ugc

1- The Ayagar system was an important feature of the Vijayanagara village organistion.

 2-It is the Body of twelve functionaries,

known as “ayagars”.

3-It conducted every village affair.

4-They were granted tax free lands “manyoms”, which they were to enjoy in perpetuity.

Vijayanagar Coins-ugc

Vijayanagar Coins-ugc

1-The Vijayanagar rulers issued gold coins called Varahas or Pagodas. (Varaha because the most common

symbol was the Varaha-the boar incarnation of Vishnu). 

2-These help us know that they were Vishnu worshippers.

3-Impressions found on Vijayanagar coins include the bull, elephant and various Hindu deities and the Gandahherunda (a double headed eagle holding an elephant in its beaks and claws).

FAMOUS TRAVELLERS TO VIJAYANAGAR KINGDOM-UGC

FAMOUS TRAVELLERS TO VIJAYANAGAR KINGDOM-UGC

1-Abu Abdullah/Ibn Batuta: A Moroccan traveller. Left account of Harihara I’s reign in his book Rehla also called Tuhfat-un-Nuzzar ft Gharaib-ul-Amsar Wa Ajaib-ul-Assar.

2-Nicolo de Conti: A Italian traveller who visited during the time of Deva Raya I. Left an account in Travels of Nicolo Conti.

3-Abdur Razzak: Ambassador of Shah Rukh of Samarqand at the Court of the Zamorin of Calicut, He gives an account of the reign of Devaraya 11. in his Matla us Sadain Wa Majma id Bahrain.

Later Mughals-ugc & psc

Later Mughals-ugc & psc

Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)

1-Aurangzeb died in 1707. A war of succession started amongst his three surviving sons viz. Muazzam-the

governor of Kabul, Azam-the governor of Gujarat and Kam Baksh-The governor of Bijapur. Muazzam

defeated.Azam and Kam Baksh and ascended the Mughal throne with the title of Bahadur Shah.

2-He pursued pacifist policy and was therefore also called Shah Bekhaber.

Mansabdari System-ugc

Mansabdari System-ugc

1. Mansabdari system which was introduced in 1595-96,by Akbar  was a combined status, showing a noble’s civil and military capacity.

2.Twin  ranks— Zat and Sawar, were allotted. The former indicated a noble’s personal status, while the latter, the number of troops he had to maintain.

3.Mansabdari had three scale gradation, viz

a-Mansabdar (500 zat and below)

b-Amir (between 500-2500 zat)

c- Amir-i-Umda (2500 zat and above).