WAGON TRAGEDY: KANALVAZHIYILE KOOTTAKURUTHI

WAGON TRAGEDY: KANALVAZHIYILE KOOTTAKURUTHI

Dr Sivadasan P documents the shocking Wagon Tragedy of 1921 in Wagon Tragedy: Kanalvazhiyile Koottakuruthi.

Republic Day Wishes-2012

SOURCES OF HISTORY FOR THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

SOURCES OF HISTORY FOR THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal periods have rich textual sources of history. Several books written by people in that period have come down to us. These include travelogues, religious books, memoirs, biographies and official histories. Some of the most important of them are described below.

Travelogues

Al-Biruni (973-1048)

He was born in Uzbekistan, and came to India as a prisoner of Mahmud of Ghazni. In Kitab ul Hind he described the country and its inhabitants.

Barani on Politics of the Delhi Sultanate

Barani on Politics of the Delhi Sultanate

The major book on the political philosophy of the Delhi Sultanate is the Principles of Government (Fatawa-i Jahandari) by the historian Khwaja Zia-ud-din Barani.
He was an aristocratic Muslim but was unable to get a post in the government of 'Ala-ud-din Khalji. Barani did serve in the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq from the tenth year of his reign; but when Firuz Shah became Sultan, the seventy-year-old Barani was imprisoned five months for supporting the rebellion of Khwaja-i Jahan and had his property confiscated.

UGC 3rd Paper objective type since June 2012

UGC 3^rd Paper objective type since June 2012

UGC has decided to consider the matter relating to enhance relaxation in marks for the Physically  Challenged Candidates in the National Eligibility Test held by UGC.

During the course of discussion, the Commission also deliberated in detail the  issues pertaining to objectivity in marking of Paper-III, transparency, reducing the inter and intra-examiner variability in marking of Paper-III, delays in  declaration of NET results, recommendations of the NET moderation Committees to switch over Paper-III from descriptive to objective type on the  pattern of CSIR NET Examination wherein all the three papers are of objective type. 

DECLINE OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

 DECLINE OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

The Harappan Civilization flourished till 1900 BC. The period following this is marked by the beginning of the post-urban phase or  (Late Harappan  phase).

This phase was  writing, uniformity in weights and measures, homogeneity in pottery designs, etc. The

regression covered a period from 1900 BC–1400 BC There was also the shrinkage in the settlement area. 

Market Regulations of Alauddin Khalji

Market Regulations of Alauddin Khalji

Alauddin’s measures to control the markets were one of the most important policy initiative. Since Alauddin wanted to maintain a large army, he therefore, lowered and fixed the price of the commodities of daily use.

To control the prices, Alauddin set up three different markets for different commodities in Delhi. These markets were the grain market (Mandi), cloth market (Sarai Adl) and the market for horses, slaves, cattles, etc.