Inauguration of Women Resource Centre

DAYABHAGA and DEBAL

DAYABHAGA

 One of the two systems of Hindu family law regulating

the division of land and inheritance since the early medieval period. According to the dayabhaga school, it was only on the death of father that a son can claim rights to the property.

DEBAL

One of the ports in the Indus delta along the west coast that is frequently referred to in Arab geographers’ accounts. In 1182–1183, it was ruled by Sumera princes of Ismaili leanings who were attacked and beaten by Mu‘izz al-Din Muhammad Ghauri.

KHANQAH and KHARAJ and KHAZAIN UL-FUTUH

KHANQAH

 A hospice or monastery where Sufis belonging to a particular

order would reside or assemble. The organization of a khanqah

was headed by a senior member of the order authorized by his

preceptor to do so. The expenses of the organization, which often included

a mosque, residential spaces, and a free kitchen, would ordinarily

be met from voluntary contributions and occasionally also

from income yielded by land grants made by rulers or nobles.

KHARAJ

The land tax collected in an Islamic state. In the Delhi sultanate,

it was often called kharaj-i jiziya, denoting that the land tax

was treated as the equivalent to the jiziya prescribed for non-Muslim

subjects. ‘Ala al-Din Khalji (1296–1316) collected the kharaj at the

rate of one half of the produce by measurement of land under cultivation

and fixation of yield per standard unit (wafa’-i biswa).

88 • KHALJI DYNASTY

IN‘AM or Inam

IN‘AM(Inam)

Any payment in the Delhi sultanate, and also in the successor states, not linked to military obligation, often in the form of a revenuefree grant, was called in‘am. Under the Lodi dynasty, Hindu dignitaries were remunerated for their piety and cooperation with the administration through in‘am grants. In‘am grants, like other similar  grants, were ordinarily neither transferable nor resumable, but the

sultan had a right to cancel them. Succession to a grant was to be regulated by the order of the sultan rather than the rules of shariah.

Nawak and Mandahars

Nawak

A crossbow that Muslim invaders frequently used in India in the 13th and 14th centuries. The term originally denoted a tabular attachment but subsequently came to be applied to the entire weapon. Malik Kafur is reported to have used nawaks with great effect during his campaigns in south India.

Mandahars

A warrior tribe settled in Kaithal and the surrounding

tract during the 13th century. In late 1280, Jalal al-Din Khalji (later98 • MAITHILI Jalal al-Din Firuz Khalji), then muqti‘ of Kaithal, was wounded while conducting operations against the Mandahars. The Mandahars continued to defy the central authority until the beginning of 16^th century.

HOW TO USE Primary Sources

HOW TO USE Primary Sources

• How to read primary sources
• Primary sources in the classroom
• Interpretation: The problem of worldview
• Sensitive Content: The problem of offensive content
• Worksheets for analyzing primary sources

How to read primary sources

Primary sources  are the main focus and the real story behind the broader topic.

POST STRUCTURALISM

POST STRUCTURALISM Structuralism is the stance that, without any further external objective reference, the objective nature of reality is rooted in binary oppositions in language. Language filters everything, and the signifier is an arbitrary but regulated noise or squiggle that stands for something else, the signified. The signified is a concept, and these concepts can be worked into contrasts. Something is defined by the not-something, which could well be something else, but related by the completely negative relationship. X is not not-X. This binary pattern is obviously mathematical, it is then deemed to be in the mind, a kind of super language before a particular language gets going, and thus there is a solid link between the mind and culture, between the psyche and the collective conscious rooted in communication.