എല്ലാവര്‍ക്കും ഹൃദയം നിറഞ്ഞ പുതുവത്സരാശംസകള്‍

എല്ലാവര്‍ക്കും ഹൃദയം നിറഞ്ഞ പുതുവത്സരാശംസകള്‍ 

സ്നേഹത്തിന്‍റെയും സമാധാനത്തിന്‍റെയും നല്ല കാലം ആയിരിക്കട്ടെ 
ഈ 2011 .എല്ലാ ചരിത്ര വിദ്യാര്തികള്‍ക്കും അധ്യാപകര്‍ക്കും  ഹിസ്ടോബ്ലോഗിന്റെ ഹാപ്പീ ന്യൂ ഇയര്‍ 2011  

QUESTIONS ON MODEN INDIA

QUESTIONS
1. Fill in the blanks
i. The Chairman of the Draft Committee of the Constituent Assembly was _____. (Dr. Ambedkar, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Dr. Rajinder Parsad.
ii. Elected President of the Constituent Assembly, was _____. (Dr. Rajinder Parsad, Dr. Ambedkar, K. Munshi)
iii. One of the famous women members of the Constituent Assembly was ______. (Smt. Sucheta Kriplani, Smt. Hansaben Mehta, Smt. Dasgupta)

NOTES ON MODERN INDIA

Facts and Figures to Remember
1. Three main problems of the Independent India:
Preparation of Constitution, Rehabilitation of Refugees and merging of the Princely States in the Indian Federation were the three main problems of the newly independent India.
2. Constitution of India: Framed by a Constituent Assembly elected by an election in July 1946. It was completed in November 1949 and came into force on January 26, 1950.

UGC HISTORY-ASOKAN EDICTS

EDICT OF ASOKA

              King Asoka, the third monarch of the Indian Mauryan dynasty, has come to be regarded as one of the most exemplary rulers in world history. The British historian H.G. Wells has written: "Amidst the tens of thousands of names of monarchs that crowd the columns of history ... the name of Asoka shines, and shines almost alone, a star." Although Buddhist literature preserved the legend of this ruler -- the story of a cruel and ruthless king who converted to Buddhism and thereafter established a reign of virtue -- definitive historical records of his reign were lacking. Then in the nineteenth century there came to light a large number of edicts, in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan. These edicts, inscribed on rocks and pillars, proclaim Asoka's reforms and policies and promulgate his advice to his subjects

UGC HISTORY-ARTHASHASTRA

Kautilya: The Arthashastra

(4th Century BCE)

This treatise on government is said to have been written by the prime minister of India's first great emperor, Chandragupta Maurya. Although often compared to Machiavelli's Prince because of its sometimes ruthless approach to practical politics, Kautilya's work is far more varied--and entertaining--than usual accounts of it indicate. He mixes the harsh pragmatism for which he is famed with compassion for the poor, for slaves, and for women. He reveals the imagination of a romancer in imagining all manner of scenarios which can hardly have been commonplace in real life.

NOTES ON MODERN INDIA

INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1. Three main problems of the independent India
- The newly independent India faced three main problems in the very beginning. They were as follows:
i. The preparation of a constitution of independent India.
ii. The problem of the rehabilitation of the refugees.
iii. The problem of merging of Princely States in the Indian Federation.
2. Constitution of India:
- The constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly.
- The Constituent Assembly was established as per the Cabinet Mission Plan.
- As per the Cabinet Mission Plan, elections were held in July 1946, Indian representatives were elected and they formed the Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of India. It succeeded in writing the constitution by November 1949 and that constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
3. Constituent Assembly:
a: Formation of Constituent Assembly:
- The Constituent Assembly was formed as per the Cabinet Mission Plan.
- The elections were held in July 1946 to elect the Indian representatives for the Constituent assembly.
- After the elections, the 296 elected member formed the Constitution Assembly.
- The prominent leaders of the Constitution Assembly were Jwahar Lal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, Govind Vallabh Pant, Mulana Azad, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Barrister Jaykar and Kanhaiyalal Munshi.
- The prominent women members of the Assembly were Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Hansaben Mehta, Sarojini Naidu and others.
- The seventy three members of Muslim League headed by Barrister Jinnah did not participate in the proceedings of the Constitution Assembly.
- The Constitution Assembly had the representatives of Sikh and Muslim communities.
b: Structure of Constituent Assembly:
- There were 296 members of Constituent Assembly.
- There were representatives of Muslim and Sikh communities in the assembly.
- There were seven women representatives.
- The Muslim League did not participate in the proceedings of the Assembly.
- Dr. Rajindra Parsad was the elected President of the Constitution Assembly.
- There were eleven committees to work on different aspects of writing the constitution.
- Dr. Ambedkar headed the Draft Committee.
c: Completion of the Work:
- The Constitution Assembly completed its work on November 26, 1949 when it formed and accepted the constitution of India.
- The Assembly worked for 1082 days to write the Constitution of India.
- The Constitution of India came in force on January 26, 1950.

UGC HISTORY-INC PRESIDENTS

Year	Venue	President
1885	Bombay	W.C.Bannerji
1886	Calcutta	Dadabhai Naoroji
1893	Lahore	"
1906	Calcutta	"
1887	Madras	Badruddin Tyyabji (fist Muslim President)
1888	Allahabad	George Yule (first English President)
1889	Bombay	Sir William Wedderburn
1890	Calcutta	Sir Feroze S.Mehta
1895, 1902	Poona, Ahmedabad	S.N.Banerjee
1905	Banaras	G.K.Gokhale
1907, 1908	Surat,Madras	Rasbehari Ghosh
1909	Lahore	M.M.Malviya
1916	Lucknow	A.C.Majumdar (Re-union of the Congress)
1917	Calcutta	Annie Besant (first woman President)
1919	Amritsar	Motilal Nehru
1920	Calcutta(sp.session)	Lala Lajpat Rai
1921,1922	Ahmedabad,Gaya	C.R.Das
1923	Delhi(sp.session)	Abdul Kalam Azad (youngest President)
1924	Belgaon	M.K.Gandhi
1925	Kanpur	Sarojini Naidu (first Indian woman President)
1928	Calcutta	Motilal Nehru (first All India Youth  Congress Formed)
1929	Lahore	J.L.Nehru (Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed)
1931	Karachi	Vallabhbhai Patel (Here, resolution on Fundamental rightsand the National Economic Program was passed)
1932, 1933	Delhi,Calcutta	(Session Banned)
1934	Bombay	Rajendra Prasad
1936	Lucknow	J.L.Nehru
1937	Faizpur	J.L.Nehru (first session in a village)
1938	Haripura	S.C.Bose (a National Planning Committed set-up underJ.L.Nehru).
1939	Tripuri	S.C.Bose was re-elected but had to resign due to protestby Gandhiji (as Gandhiji supported Dr.Pattabhi Sitaramayya). Rajendra Prasadwas appointed in his place.
1940	Ramgarh	Abdul Kalam Azad
1946	Meerut	Acharya J.B.Kriplani
1948	Jaipur	Dr.Pattabhi Sitaramayya.