The Decline of Mouryas-ugc

The Decline of Mouryas-ugc

The Mauryan Empire lasted a little over a century and broke up fitly years after the death of Asoka. Slowly, the various princes of the empire began to break away and set up independent kingdoms. In 185 BC. the Mauryan king was overthrown by Pushyamitra Shunga, an ambitious Commander-in-Chief of armed forces. He started the Shunga dynasty in Magadha. The Mauryan Empire ushered in a dream that was to survive and echo again and again in centuries to come.

Jaina Councils-ugc

Jaina Councils-ugc

By the end of fourth century BC, there was a serious famine in the Ganges valley leading to a great exodus of many Jaina monks to the Deccan and South India (Sravana Belgola) along with Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta Maurya. They returned to the Gangetic valley after 12 years. The leader of the group, which stayed back at Magadha wasSthulabahu. The changes that took place in the code of conduct of the followers of Sthulabahu led to the division of the Jainas into Digambaras (sky-clad or naked) and Svetambaras (white-clad).

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES (indus cities)-ugc

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES

(indus cities)

Year –Site- Discovered by

192I - Harappa -Dayaram Sahni

I922 -Mohenjodaro- R. D. Banerjee

I927- Sutkagendor- R. L. Staine

I93I- Chanhudaro -N. G. Majumdar

1953- Rangpur- M. Vats

I953- Kalibangan -A. Ghosh

[955-56- Ropar -Y. D. Sharma

I957- Lothal- S. R. Rao

1972-75- Surkotada- .I. Joshi

1973-74- Banwali -R. S. Bisht

SOME NEW FINDS

Site Location Discovered by

Dholavira Rann of Kachh- (Gujarat) R. S. Bisht

Ganverivala Pakistan- Rafeeq Mugal

RakhiGarhi Jeend (Haryana) -Rafeeq Mugal

Original Home of Aryans-ugc/net

Original Home of Aryans

1-Central Asia-Max Muller

2-Tibet - Dayanand Saraswati

3-German plain -Prof. Penka

4-Pamirs -Mayor

5-Turkistan -Hurz Feld

6-Bactria -J. C. Rod

7-Steppes- Brandstein

8-Arctic Region- B.G. Tilak

9-Central India -Rajbali Pandey

10-Kashmir- L. D. Kala

11-Sapta Sindhu -A. C. Das

Rivers Mentioned in Rig Veda-psc & ugc

Rivers Mentioned in Rig Veda

Old Name     New Name

Gomati       -Gomal

Krumu       - Kurram

Kubha        -Kabul

Suvastu      -Swat

Sindhu       - Indus

Drishadvati -Ghaghar/Chitang

Satudri        -Satluj

Vipas           -Beas

Parushni      -Ravi

Asikni          -Chenab

Vitasta         -Jhelam

Words Mentioned in Rig Veda-ugc

Words Mentioned in Rig Veda

Word    Times mentioned

Om      -1028

Ashva  -315

Jana    - 275

Gau    -176

Vis     -171

Brahmana  -14

Kshatriya   -9

Yamuna    -3

Sudra        -I

Vaishya   - I

Rajya       -1

Kulpa       -I

Ganga      -I

Samudra  -I

Metals Known

Gold  -Hiranya

Iron   -Shyama (Krishna Ayas)

Copper- Ayas.

Rigvedic & later vedic Gods-ugc/net/jrf

Rigvedic & Later vedic Gods

The early Vedic religion was naturalistic. Evidently, there were neither temples nor idols. The mode of

prayer was recitation of mantras. Sacrifice was offered for Praja (children). Pasu (cattle) and Dhana (wealth)

and not for spiritual upliftment or misery.

INDRA

1-250 hymns are attributed to India.

2-He was the Aryan warlord and also controlled the weather.3- Has been called Purandhar or destroyer of forts.

4-He was the proverbial Rain God (prajanya),responsible for causing rainfall.

5-He was associated with thunder and storm and bore the thunderbolt (Vajra),

with which he destroyed his He has been addressed by various names -

Ratheshtha, Jitendra, Somapa, Purandra, Vritrahan and Maghayan.