Governor Generals of British India-ugc net in history

Governor Generals of British India

 

Warren Hastings Plan 1772 - 1785 :

Brought the Dual Govt, of Bengal to an end by the Regulating Act, 1773.Deprived zamindars of their judicial powers and Civil and Criminal courts were established.Maintenance of records was made compulsory.

The First Anglo-Maratha War (1776 - 82), which ended with the Treaty of Salbai (1782),
and the Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84), which ended with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784), were fought during Hasting's period.

As a great patron of oriental learning, he founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784. He wrote introduction to the first English translation of "The Gita" by Charles Wilkins.

Impeachment proceedings started against him when he returned on the charges of taking bribe. After a trial of 7 years, he was finally acquitted.

Note : Sir John MacPherson was made the acting Governor-General from 1785 to 1786.

QALANDAR-ugc history

Qalandar

The Qalandar are a Muslim community, found in North India . They are also known as Qalander Faqir. A few Qalandar are also found in the Terai region of Nepal. The community trace their origin back to the Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar. They claim to have come originally from Karnaland Panipat. They were once Qalandariyah Faqirs, who took to the profession of bear fighting. The community consists of three sub-divisions, the Langre in eastern Rohilkhand, the Rohilla in western Rohilkhand and the Machhle in Awadh. They are now found through out Uttar Pradesh, and speak their own dialect, known as Qalandari. The Qalandar were once a nomadic community, but many are now settled. Their traditional occupation of bear fighting has come to much criticism from the animal rights activists in the west, and have now been proscribed by india.They are now undergoing settlement, with many taking to cultivation. But their holdings are extremely small, and many are sharecroppers.

DADNI SYSTEM-ugc history

DADNI SYSTEM

During the 17^th and 18^th c,the bulk of cotton textiles production was organised on the basis of agreement among the merchants,merchant-middlemen and weavers,specifying details such as the quantity,the quality,the price and the date of delivery.A substantial part of the final value of the contract was usually offered in advance to weavers to purchase raw materials and to maintain his family expenditure during  the period of production.Advances were made either in cash or in raw materials.This system of production organisation is termed as DADNI or CONTRACT or ADVANCE SYSTEM.Dadni system was an all india phenomenon except madrass.Its origin can perhaps be traced to the ideas of islamic law.Dadni was paid in installments and often paid in cash and only a part of it by bills of debt.European companies too paid dadni to secure their investments.

UGC NET 2011

National Eligibility Test June-2011

for Junior Research Fellowship and Eligibility for Lectureship.Follow the link:
http://www.ugcnetonline.in/ 

Result of UGC - NET, December, 2010 is likely to be declared in the second half of May, 2011. 

Candidates who are willing to appear for UGC - NET on 26th June, 2011 are advised to apply immediately in order to avoid last minute rush.
UGC NET HISTORY question papers (june 2010)can be accessed from here:
1-http://ugcnetonline.in/june2010_p-II/J-0610.pdf 
 2-http://ugcnetonline.in/june2010_p-III/J-0610.pdf
3-http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/oldqpyr.php?sub=06.

DEBATE IN INDIAN HISTORY

DEBATE ON INDIAN HISTORY

INDIAN FUEDALISM

1-s a dange & b n datta –One of the earliest writings on the development of fuedal formation in early india

2-d d kosambi-Two chapters in his “AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INDIAN HISTORY”(fuedalism from above and fuedalism from below).

3-r s sharma- ‘INDIAN FUEDALISM”.from gupta period onward certain political and administrative developments (land grants to brahmans)tended to fuedalise state apparatus.(decline of long distace trade,fall of cities and towns and scarcity of gold coins)

4-d c sircar-criticised sharma’s thought through his LAND LORDISM CONFUSED WITH FUEDALIS.To him fuedalism is a misnomer in indian context.

5-harbans mukhia-wrote a book entitled “WAS THERE FUEDALISM IN INDIAN HISTORY.

6-b n s yadava-THE PROBLEMS OF THE EMERGENCE OF FUEDAL RELATIONS IN EARLY INDIA”.He challeged sircars views.

7-d n jha –EARLY INDIAN FUEDALISM.Acknowledged european model of fuedalism in early india

8-r s sharma-HOW FUEDAL WAS INDIAN FUEDALISM

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9-irfan habib-IN CLASSIFYING PRE COLONIAL INDIA.he used MEDIEVAL INDIAN SYSTEM rather than the term INDIAN FUEDALISM.

Asokan Dhamma

1-R G BHANDARKAR  “Asokan dhamma is nothing more than secular buddism”

2-ROMILA THAPPER “Asokan dhamma is based on a high degree of social ethics and civic responsibility”.

HOME LAND OF ARYANS

1-MAX MULLER “Aryan means language

2-GANGATHARAN JHA,D S TRIVEDI and L D KALLA ”Vedic Aryans were indegenious people and their homeland was sapta sindhu”

3-B G TILAK “Home land of Aryans was the Arctic regions”(ARCTIC,HOME OF ARYANS)

4-SWAMI  DAYANANDA SARASWATHI & PARGITOR “original home of aryans was tibet”

5-D N JHA “original home of aryans was brahmarish desh”

6-A C DAS “sapta sindhu as the home of aryans”.

ORIGIN OF RAJAPUT

COLONEL TODD “Rajaput had a foriegn origin”

V A SMITH “Rajaput people had a mixed origin”

CAUSES OF MOURYAN DECLINE

1-H C RAY CHAUDHARY “Asokas pacifist policy was the reason”.

2-H  SASTRI “Due to brahmanical revolt on account of animal sacrifice”

3-D D KOSAMBI “considerable pressure on mouryan economy leads to heavy taxation .Debasement of coinage was the reason.”

4-ROMILA THAPAR”because of extreme political confution in the ganges vally was a factor for their decline.Spread of material culture of gangetic region to the outlying areas leads to the formation of new kingdom”.

URBAN CENTERS OF MEDIEVAL INDIA

1-IBN BATUTA “Delhi as largest city in the eastern part of the islamic world”.

2-MONSERRATE”Lahore was not second to any city in europe and asia”

3-Abul fazl ”Ahammadabad as a noble city in a high state of prosperity”

4-Ralph fitch”Delhi was not less than Paris and that Agra was bigger than Delhi”.

PEOPLE OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

1-JOHN MARSHALL ‘found some similarities between indus and sumerian culture.

2-E  MACKAY “Found similarities with the Babylonian culture”.

3-R D BANEJEE”People of indus valley were Dravidians”

4-Gorden child “people belonged to the sumerian culture”

5-Dr.guha “people belonged to a mixed race”

6-TO some  “indus people belonged to the Aryan Race”.

DADABHAI NAOROJI

DADABHAI NAOROJI

Born: September 4, 1825
Died: June 30, 1917
Achievements: First Indian to become a professor of the college; instrumental in the establishment of the Indian National Congress; was President of the Indian National Congress thrice; the Congress' demand for swaraj (self-rule) was first expressed publicly by him in his presidential address in 1906

Dadabhai Naoroji is fondly called as the "Grand Old Man of India". He is viewed as the architect who laid the foundation of the Indian freedom struggle.

Keshab Chandra Sen, Brahmo Samaj

Keshab Chandra Sen, Brahmo Samaj

Keshab Chandra Sen was one of the most popular and influential social reformer and religious leader in the nineteenth century in Bengal. He was born into a respectable Vaishnavite family of the Baidya caste in 1838 and received English education during his childhood. He worked for the Bank of Bengal during his early adulthood. Keshab Chandra Sen is considered responsible for bringing about a sea change in the dimension of the movement led by Brahmo Samaj in Bengal. He was also responsible for spreading the doctrines of Brahmo Samaj into many cities of South India. Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj by 1857 and became an active worker by 1859. He was an impressive speaker and his wonderful ability of explaining the Brahmo philosophy to the common people soon made him immensely popular among the younger members of Brahmo Samaj. He also became a close associate of Debendranath Tagore, who was leading Brahmo Samaj after the death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.