Babur (1484-1530)

Babur (1484-1530)-ugc

1-Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, descended from his father’s side in the 5th generation from Timur. and through his mother in the 15th generation from Chenghiz Khan.

2-Reasons for his Indian expedition were;

a-TheOttomans defeated the Safavids and the Uzbeks controlled Trans oxiana forcing Babur’s imperial

impulses towards India.

b-Meagre income of Kabul

c-Desire to emulate Timur

d-Punjab was part of the Timurid province and hence was considered a legal partrimony of the Timurids

e-Apprehension of Uzbek attacks.

3-He was invited to attack India by Daulat Khan Lodi, Subedar of Punjab; Ibrahim Lodi’s uncle Alamkhan

Lodi and Rana Sanga.

4-He was successful in his 5th expedition. In the Battle of Panipat 20th April 1526. He finally defeated Ibrahim

Lodhi. Babur was the first one to entitle himself as the ‘Padshah’

5-Battle of Panipat (1526)- Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi

6-Battle of Khanwa (1527)- Babur defeated Rana Sanga

7-Battle of Chanderi(1528)- Babur defeated Medini Rai

8-He wrote “Tuzuk-i-Baburi” or Baburnama in Turkish. It was translated into Persian by Abdur Raltim Khan i-

Khanan. Other works include a “Masnavi”.

Significance

1-After the Kushans, he was the first to bring Kabul and Kandahar into the Indian empire, which provided stability since it was the staging post of invasions of India.

2-This helped in promoting trade since these towns were the starting points of caravans meant for China in the east & Mediterranean in the west.

3-He smashed Lodi and Rajput power, destroying the

balance of power which paved the way for. an empire. 4-New mode of warfare was introduced with combination of artilleryand cavalry.

5-He restored the prestige of the crown after Feroze Shah Tughlaq.